Effect of honey on reproductive functions of male rats exposed to nicotine was examined in this study. Thirty-two adult male wistar rats (n=8/Group) were grouped as Control (distilled water), Nicotine (1.0mg/kg bwt), Honey (100mg/kg bwt) and Nicotine with Honey. The animals were orally treated for 35 days consecutively. Epididymis sperm motility, viability, morphology and counts were estimated, serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Leutinizing Hormone (LH) and Testosterone were assayed using ELISA method and testicular histology were also assessed. Significant reduction in percentage sperm motility, viability, morphology and counts were observed in nicotine group (p<0.05) compared to control. Serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels were significantly reduced in nicotine group(p<0.05) when compared with the control. There was significant improvement in sperm motility, viability, morphology, counts, FSH, LH and Testosterone in group co-treated with nicotine and honey (p<0.05) relative to nicotine group. Also, the degenerative seminiferous tubule architecture due to nicotine was improved by honey. In conclusion, honey may suppress nicotine toxic effect on reproductive functions in male Wistar rats.

This study was an attempt to evaluate the effects of Citrus aurantifolia (CA) and caffeine on the testes of adult male albino Wistar rats. No doubt, CA and caffeine have health benefits; however, there is a scarcity of data about their effects on the testes. Thirty-five adult male albino Wistar rats weighing between 200g and 230g were divided into seven equal groups. 1ml and 2mls of CA were given to groups B and C, respectively, using insulin syringe, via oral ingestion. A mixture of 0.5 ml of CA and 0.5 ml of 50% caffeine was given to group D, while a mixture of 1 ml of CA and 1 ml of 50% caffeine was given to group E. 1 ml of 5% caffeine solution and 2mls of 5% caffeine solution were given to groups F and G, respectively. None was given to group A being the control. They were sacrificed after 21 days; the testes were harvested, weighed and subjected to routine laboratory method. Micro architecture of the testes was normal in the control group A. Testicular and intercellular constriction were observed in B, C, and D. These features were moderate in B compared to C and D. C, had in addition, vascular degeneration, germinal cellular hypertrophy and tubular atrophy; while D, had in addition, myoid and Ledyg cells degeneration. All the abnormality seen in B, C, and D, were present in E, F, and G. which had, in addition, tubular necrosis. These showed that consumption of a high dose of CA and caffeine, either separately or combined is harmful to the testes.

This research was designed to assess the effects of oral administration of
varying doses of ground Nutmeg seed on the histomorphology of the testes and the
hormonal profile of thirty adult male albino wister rats weighing between 140 g and
250 g. The rats were divided into six equal groups, namely A,B,C,D,E and F. Group
A served as the control and were administered only water and 100 g of rat feed; while
groups B,C,D,E and F, the treatment groups, were administered varying doses (1 g, 5
g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/kg body weight, respectively) of the ground Myristica fragrans,
mixed with 100 g of rat feed, respectively, for 26 days. The weight measurement was
done every seven days. The testes were harvested immediately after sacrifice, fixed in
10 % buffered formalin, and was later made to undergo Hematoxylin and Eosin
(H&E) staining method. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for serum
testosterone analysis. Data were expressed as Mean + standard error of the Mean and
subjected to one way analysis of variance. Significance different between mean was
assessed by student-New-Man-Keuls post hoc test. 95 % level of significance (P =
0.05) was used for statistical analysis and Microsoft Excel 2010 package was used for
graph and error bars. The histopathological results revealed no structural defect on the
testes of rats administered 1 g and 5 g of ground nutmeg. There was dose dependent
alteration of the histomorphology of the testes of rats given 10 g and above. There
was also persistent elevation in serum testosterone level in treatment groups B to F,
compared to the control Group A. Hence, consumption of high dose of nutmeg is
toxic to the testes.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum on hormones and sperm analysis of laboratory rats. Fifteen male rats weighing 230-250g were completely randomised into three groups: A-C. Animals in Group A (control) were orally administered with 0.5ml of distilled water once daily for 21 days while those in Groups B and C, received 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively), and effect of the treatment on the testes was investigated. Significant increase (p<0.05) were recorded in the body weights and also the weight of the testis. The treatment caused increase in motility, morphology, and number of spermatozoa in cauda epididymidis. Histologically, testes in rats treated with the plant extract showed no alterations in the seminiferous tubules when compared to the control. However hormonal assay showed significantly reduced levels (p<0.05) of FSH, LH and Testosterone in experimental groups while there was increase in the activity of SOD, which was dose dependent. The results thus suggest that C. albidum treatment does not cause suppression of spermatogenesis but decrease the hormonal profile.